This shows that you may need to get creative when deciding who to make your claim against. Each legal system has its own standard state. This section describes certain categories of individuals or groups that are sometimes represented in different jurisdictions. Action Resources – When you are redirected to this page, a variety of links are available, and there is a specific section for filing a lawsuit with related resources. South Africa In South Africa, any person who has the legal right to bring a private action for a criminal offence may do so in any court of competent jurisdiction. For example, the National Law on Environmental Management (107/1998) expressly provides for private actions in the context of environmental protection. Usually, only a legally recognized “person” or “entity” can have a position, not an informal grouping or abstract concept. If there is a government policy or law that has infringed on you or affected your rights, you can take legal action against: In human rights cases, traditionally, only people who are directly or particularly affected by alleged human rights violations have the right to complain to the courts (in some systems, this is called “victim status”). A “stakeholder” means any person who has an interest or connection with a business. You could potentially take action against one of the following “stakeholders” in a company: “Take Legal Action,” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/take%20legal%20action. Retrieved 14 January 2022. A “successor” is a person or company that inherits the property, rights and/or responsibilities of another person or company, such as: a company that renames itself under a new legal name and takes over the assets of the old company (a “liability” is something for which one company is responsible, such as a debt to another company). The state, civil servants and public bodies all have legal obligations that require them to do certain things and not to do certain things.
These obligations constitute what is known as “public law”. For more information about public law, see What laws can I apply? The key message of this section is that if the state violates public law, you may be able to take action against the state as a whole or the relevant official/body. If this is the case, you should consider other ways to ensure justice in your case. This can be by bringing your action before a civil or administrative court, through international or foreign courts or through other international and national bodies. In some cases, it may be possible to hold the State accountable for acts committed outside its territory or when its actions have an impact outside its territory. There is a growing recognition that governments` human rights obligations extend to people outside their borders. These obligations may arise in the following circumstances: To bring a civil or administrative matter before a court, you must have the legal right to bring an action. This requirement is called “standing” (also called “locus standi”). In some jurisdictions, it may also be possible for civil society organizations to bring an action on behalf of a group of individuals.
If the damage you are complaining about was caused by the actions of a company or employees/representatives of a company, another option is to take legal action against the company as an independent legal entity. All officials enjoy immunity if their actions involve the exercise of sovereign authority. For example, when they represent their government. A key aspect of this type of immunity is that it lasts forever. If several people are affected by an action in the same way, some systems make it possible to reconcile the case. In such cases, the group is represented collectively by a single applicant. These actions can be called “class actions,” “class actions,” or “class actions.” There is no point in taking action against someone unless you are under the age of 18, you need something called “guardian ad litem” to participate in a trial. This is usually a parent or guardian.
